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This comprehensive literature
search identified 221 potential studies, of which seven met our inclusion criteria. Four of the
studies examined construct validity, but their varying methods did not permit pooling for
meta-analysis. These studies agree that the instrument has reasonable construct validity. The
three studies of test-retest reliability did allow a meta-analysis to be performed, albeit with caution due to substantial heterogeneity. Results indicate that the Extravert-Introvert, SensingIntuition, and Judging-Perceiving Subscales have satisfactory reliabilities of .75 or higher and
that the Thinking-Feeling subscale has a reliability of .61. The majority of studies were conducted on college-age students; thus, the evidence to support the tool’s utility applies more
to this group, and careful thought should be given when applying it to other individuals.
