- Shimla Agreement (1972): Signed between Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto after the 1971 war creating Bangladesh, establishing the Line of Control in Kashmir and committing to bilateral dispute resolution. It aimed for peaceful normalization, prisoner repatriation, and non-interference, reducing immediate hostilities but failing to resolve core issues like Kashmir.
- Indo-Sri Lanka Accord (1987): Signed between Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Sri Lankan President J.R. Jayewardene to resolve Sri Lanka's ethnic conflict, devolving power to Tamil-majority provinces via the 13th Amendment and deploying the Indian Peace Keeping Force. It sought Tamil rights and disarmament of militants but led to IPKF-LTTE clashes, withdrawal in 1990, and prolonged civil war until 2009.
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