Jasur Juraev | IELTS 9.0

The lines compare the proportion of renewable energy used in the total energy consumption in six nations from 1971 to 2011, at 5-year intervals.

Overall, Finland was the leading consumer of renewable energy and also the one that dipped in the mid-period and then rebounded, similar to Denmark, which also saw declines before rising notably. France, Germany, the USA and UK, unlike those two countries, experienced less fluctuation and followed upward trends, with the UK consistently at the lower end of the spectrum.

Of the countries with more erratic trajectories, Finland witnessed the most pronounced fall, from around 24% in 1971 to its lowest at nearly 17% between 1986 and 1991. After that, however, the figure grew steadily to just below its 1971 level. A similar yet less sharp drop was observed in Denmark, where the percentage stood at 15% in 1971 before it went down to 10% by the late 1980s. By the end, this proportion had reached the second highest figure of about 18%.

The remaining countries, in stark contrast, underwent more consistent patterns. In particular, France and Germany started the period at roughly 8% and 5%, respectively. While France increased to 10% in 1976 and, after a slight dip in 1986, rose uninterruptedly to just under 15% at the end, Germany remained almost unchanged at 5% until the early 1990s, when it started rising and virtually converged with that of France.

The USA and UK recorded substantially lower renewable energy consumption. They started the time frame at about 3% and a mere 2%, yet over the course of the ensuing 40 years, they experienced a series of increments, going up to approximately 12% and 6%. Thus, the USA's usage of renewable energy was consistently twice as much as that of the UK.

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