D. TEMPERATURE & METABOLIC RATE
41. The hypothalamic region most important for promoting heat loss when body temperature rises is the:
A. Anterior hypothalamus
B. Posterior hypothalamus
C. Medulla
D. Cerebellum
42. Which response occurs during exposure to a cold environment?
A. Cutaneous vasodilation
B. Sweating
C. Shivering
D. Decreased metabolic rate
43. A patient develops fever following bacterial infection. Pyrogens ultimately cause:
A. Decreased hypothalamic set point
B. Increased hypothalamic set point
C. Direct inhibition of heat production
D. Complete inhibition of sweating
44. During fever, a patient feels cold and begins shivering despite having an elevated body temperature. This occurs because:
A. His hypothalamic set point has increased
B. His hypothalamic set point has decreased
C. His metabolic rate has stopped
D. His skin temperature has increased above the set point
45. Which mechanism accounts for the greatest proportion of heat loss from the body under ordinary environmental conditions?
A. Conduction
B. Radiation
C. Evaporation
D. Convection
46. A person enters a very hot environment. Which mechanism becomes particularly important for heat loss?
A. Sweating and evaporation
B. Shivering
C. Cutaneous vasoconstriction
D. Increased muscle tone
47. Which hormone has the greatest direct effect on increasing basal metabolic rate?
A. Insulin
B. Thyroid hormone
C. ADH
D. Aldosterone
48. A healthy volunteer consumes 200 mL O₂/min. If 1 L O₂ releases 4.82 kcal, the approximate daily energy expenditure is:
A. 965 kcal/day
B. 1157 kcal/day
C. 1393 kcal/day
D. 1735 kcal/day
49. Which condition would be expected to increase basal metabolic rate?
A. Sleep
B. Starvation
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Hyperthyroidism
50. A patient is exposed to severe cold. Which mechanism increases heat production without producing voluntary movement?
A. Sweating
B. Non-shivering thermogenesis
C. Cutaneous vasodilation
D. Increased evaporation
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