The Three Groups/Levels of the Jahmiyyah
Shaykh Rabīʿ bin Hādī (حفظه الله) said:
"For this reason, you see Shaykh al-Islām Ibn Taymiyyah (رحمه الله) categorising the Jahmiyyah into three groups:
The first group: The original Jahmites, those who followed the path of al-Jahm [bin Ṣafwān] in everything.
The second group: The Muʿtazilah who agreed with the Jahmiyyah in negating the Attributes while affirming the Names [as labels] only, without them indicating [their individual] meanings. They followed them [the Jahmiyyah] in many heresies.
The third group: The Ashāʿirah who followed the Jahmiyyah and the Muʿtazilah in negating many of the attributes and speaking of allegories and figurative interpretations.
These foundations which these [groups] depended upon were described by Shaykh al-Islām Ibn al-Qayyim as false deities (طواغيت) as occurs in his book “al-Ṣawāʿiq al-Mursalah ʿalā al-Jahmiyyah wal-Muʿaṭṭilah” which comprises a refutation of the people upon these corrupt foundations.
Ibn Taymiyyah said: ‘All of them are misguided and disbelievers in the Messengers' and then he made an exception for the Ashāʿirah who speak with what is in the book ‘al-Ibānah’ of Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī…'” End of the quote.
Sharḥ Kitāb al-Fitan Min Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhārī (al-Mīrāth, 1440H) pp. 58-59 and al-Fatāwā al-Kubrā of Ibn Taymiyyah, 6/370-372.
Note: The Jahmiyyah introduced “speculative theology” (ʿilm al-kalām) into the Muslim ummah wherein they began to speak about Allāh, His Names, His Attributes and His Actions upon the intellectual waste, refuse and leftovers of past nations who had deviated from what was brought by the sent Messengers and revealed Books. Despite the severe rejection of the Salaf against them, and them being only a lowly minority in the early first century hijrah, their innovations are present to this day, widespread in the ummah, just as we see with the doctrines of the Khārijites, the Rāfiḍah and others with millions upon millions holding onto them. These innovations brought major trials and worldly calamities of various types upon the Muslim nation including the onslaught of the Mongols and the Crusaders, and these are from the evil effects of innovations in creed.
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