Cultural Types of Democracy:
Competitive Democracy (Konkurrenzdemokratie)
Open conduct of political conflicts, concluded with a majority decision
Consequence: clear competition, e.g., between government and opposition
Prerequisite: stable consensus on values, procedures, and order; a tradition of fair dispute
Concordance Democracy / Consociational Democracy (Konkordanzdemokratie)
Conflicts are resolved through lengthy discourse and negotiation processes, resulting in compromise and package solutions
Consequence: elite cartels with segmented opposition
Appropriate in deeply divided societies without a reliable tradition of non-violent dispute
