GUTImagingNotes&PracticeQuizesMZeba

BREAST ABSCESS 🌀USG ➖Hypoechoic, multiloculated collection with posterior acoustic enhancement (due to fluid). ➖Vascular rim surrounding the collection, but no vascularity within. 🌀Mammography ➖Rarely used; may be recommended for non-puerperal abscesses or abscesses in women >30 to rule out maligna…

Ultrasound features that are suggestive of endometrial carcinoma as opposed to hyperplasia include: ➖Heterogeneous and irregular endometrial thickening ➖Polypoid mass lesion ➖Intrauterine fluid collection ➖Frank myometrial invasion MZeba (Source: Radiopedia)

Endometrial Hyperplasia 🌀Abnormal proliferation of endometrial glands and stroma; diffuse, smooth thickening >10 mm. 🌀Associations: ➖Unopposed estrogen stimulation (endogenous or exogenous sources). ➖Conditions include obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, pregnancy (including ectopic). 🌀USG: ➖Best im…

Suspicious Calcifications: Typically smaller and less regular compared to benign ones. 🌀BI-RADS 5th Edition Descriptors (Increasing Suspicion): 1. Coarse Heterogeneous: Irregular, generally 0.5-1 mm. 2. Amorphous: Indistinct, small ("powdery" or "cloudy"), shape not easily determined. 3. Fine Pleo…

Extraperitoneal Bladder Rupture: 🌀80-90% of bladder ruptures; commonly associated with pelvic fractures. 🌀Typically managed conservatively. 🌀Radiological Sign: Molar Tooth Sign - Contrast seen in the prevesicle space of Retzius surrounding the bladder. Intraperitoneal Bladder Rupture: 🌀Less common.…

Testicular Torsion USG: 🌀Modality of Choice. 🌀Comparison with normal side is the key. 🌀Key Findings: ➖Whirlpool Sign: Concentric layering above the testis representing coiled spermatic cord: Most specific and sensitive finding. 🌀Blood Flow: ➖Incomplete Torsion: Elevated resistive index (RI >0.75);…

Testicle = 🧠 🌀Require continuous D flow 🌀In Torsion 3 patterns can be seen; ➖Classic absent A flow ➖High resistance A flow Reversed D flow ➖Monophasic A form (dicrotic notch = lost) MZeba CTC#437

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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): 🌀AKA hyperandrogenic anovulation. 🌀Chronic anovulation syndrome associated with androgen excess. 🌀Rotterdam Criteria: ➖Requires any two of the following: 1. Ovulatory Dysfunction: Oligo- and/or anovulation. 2. Hyperandrogenism: Clinical or biochemical signs. 3. P…

MRI for Adenomyosis: 🌀T2-Weighted Imaging (T2-WI): ➖🗝 for diagnosis ➖Increased junctional zone thickness ➖High-signal foci indicating endometrial tissue or hemorrhage. 🌀T1-Weighted Imaging (T1-WI): ➖Identifies hemorrhage as high-signal foci. 🌀Typical MRI Findings: ➖Diffuse Adenomyosis: Junctional z…

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Imaging of Multilocular Cystic Renal Tumors: 🌀XR ➖Large abdominal mass displacing bowel loops. 🌀USG ➖Multilocular cystic mass with anechoic contents. ➖ Claw 🦞 sign indicating renal origin. ➖ Possible low-level echoes ➖ Septal vascularity. 🌀CT: ➖ Renal pelvis filling defect and obstructive calyce…

#CTC RCC High Yield Points: ☄️Solid Tumor o f Adolescent ☄️Most common in 2nd decade ☄️Translocation Subtype = Prior chemotherapy ☄️Medullary Subtype = Sickle Cell Trait, ☄️Clear Cell Subtype = VHL (these RCCs are usually bilateral) ☄️Nephrographic phase: the most sensitive phase ☄️Hypervascular…

Imaging Features for RCC: USG: 🌀Variable appearance (solid/cystic, hyper-/iso-/hypoechoic). 🌀Tumor pseudocapsule (hypoechoic halo) has low sensitivity (~20%), improved with harmonic scanning (~85%). 🌀Contrast-enhanced ultrasound shows hypervascularity with early washout. CT: 🌀Soft tissue attenuation…

Renal Papillary Necrosis: 🌀Necrosis and sloughing of papillary tissue, leading to significant renal function loss. 🌀The renal medulla and papilla are particularly prone to ischemic necrosis due to their blood supply and hypertonic environment. 🌀Radiographic Features: ➖Fluoroscopy/CT: Necrotic cav…