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CSE ANSWER WRITING: post #3081 — TG.ME

CSE ANSWER WRITING@upsc_answer_written · 17.5K subscribers Open in TelegramOpen

t.me/upsc_answer_written/3081

August 31, 2026 259 2

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🔆 Given the fact that the livestock sector has grown significantly over the last five years, it assumes an important role in income, employment and nutritional security. Comment. 📍 Introduction 🟢 The livestock sector is an important pillar of the Indian agricultural and rural economy. 🟢 Its sustained growth has strengthened income generation, employment opportunities and nutritional security, particularly for small and marginal farmers, landless households and women. 📍 Role of Livestock in the Indian Economy 🟢 Employment Generation: Livestock provides livelihood opportunities to a significant section of the rural population and productively employs landless and marginal households during lean agricultural seasons. 🟢 Source of Income: Dairy, poultry, sheep, goat and other livestock activities provide a regular or supplementary source of income. Livestock can also be sold during emergencies such as illness, education or family obligations. 🟢 Nutritional Security: Milk, eggs and meat are important sources of high-quality animal protein and other essential nutrients, contributing to food and nutritional security. 🟢 Social Security: Livestock functions as a household asset and provides a safety net during crop failure, drought and other economic shocks. 🟢 Women Empowerment: Women play a major role in feeding, breeding, milking and managing livestock. Thus, the sector promotes women’s employment, income and decision-making power. 🟢 Inclusive Growth: Since a large proportion of livestock owners are small and marginal farmers and landless households, growth in the sector promotes more inclusive and equitable rural development. 🟢 Support to Agriculture: Livestock provides organic manure and supports integrated and mixed farming systems. 🟢 Protection Against Disasters: Livestock provides an alternative source of livelihood and income during droughts, crop failures and other natural calamities. 📍 Government Initiatives 🟢 Rashtriya Gokul Mission: Promotes the conservation and development of indigenous bovine breeds and seeks to improve their productivity. 🟢 National Livestock Mission: Focuses on the sustainable development and qualitative and quantitative improvement of livestock production systems. 🟢 National Programme for Artificial Insemination: Promotes genetic improvement and higher productivity through artificial insemination services. 🟢 National Cattle and Buffalo Breeding Programme: Focuses on the genetic improvement and conservation of important indigenous breeds. 🟢 Animal Husbandry Start-up Grand Challenge: Encourages innovation and entrepreneurship in the animal husbandry and dairy sectors. 🟢 Livestock Health and Disease Control Programme: Seeks to prevent and control major livestock diseases, thereby reducing economic losses. 📍 Way Forward 🟢 Address Fodder Scarcity: Ensure adequate availability of quality fodder and drinking water, particularly in drought-prone and rain-shadow regions. 🟢 Strengthen Marketing: Develop efficient value chains, cold-storage infrastructure and market linkages to ensure remunerative prices and reduce dependence on intermediaries. 🟢 Promote Suitable Indigenous Breeds: Focus on the conservation and genetic improvement of indigenous breeds suited to local climatic conditions. 🟢 Capacity Building: Provide training, extension services and appropriate financial support, especially to women and small livestock holders. 🟢 Research and Development: Invest in animal genetics, disease management, nutrition and productivity enhancement. 🟢 Improve Veterinary Infrastructure: Ensure affordable and timely veterinary services, vaccination and disease surveillance. 📍 Conclusion 🔆 The livestock sector is not merely an allied agricultural activity but a vital instrument of rural livelihoods, poverty reduction, nutritional security and inclusive growth. With improved productivity, animal health, fodder availability, infrastructure and market access, India can unlock its full potential and make livestock rearing a sustainable source of prosperity for millions of small and landless farmers. #Agriculture 250·Aug 31 🔆 In the recent event of coronavirus epidemics, there is an urgent need for effective social security measures in place. Discuss. 📍 Introduction According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), social security refers to the protection provided by society through public measures against economic and social distress. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that a public-health emergency can rapidly transform into an economic and social crisis, especially for vulnerable sections. 📍 Why are effective social security measures urgently needed? 🟢 Health risks: Universal and affordable healthcare is essential to protect people against illness, disability, maternity and other health-related contingencies. 🟢 Loss of livelihoods: Lockdowns and disruption of economic activity can lead to job losses, wage cuts and unemployment, particularly in the informal sector. 🟢 Poverty and inequality: Poor households often lack savings, insurance and access to adequate healthcare, making them more vulnerable during prolonged crises. 🟢 Food insecurity and malnutrition: Income disruptions can reduce access to nutritious food, worsening undernutrition and weakening the capacity to withstand health crises. 🟢 Migrant workers: Loss of employment and income can trigger distress migration, as seen during COVID-19, highlighting the need for portable social security benefits. 🟢 Women’s vulnerability: Women often face greater job losses, increased unpaid care work and reduced access to healthcare during crises. 🟢 Informal workers: A large section of India’s workforce remains outside formal employment-based social protection, exposing them to sudden income shocks. 📍 Way Forward 🟢 Strengthen existing schemes: Effectively utilise and expand PDS, MGNREGA, social pensions, PM-JAY and other welfare programmes. 🟢 Universal and portable social protection: Ensure basic social security, especially for migrant and informal workers, irrespective of their location. 🟢 Cash and food support: Provide timely direct benefit transfers and food security to vulnerable households during emergencies. 🟢 Employment protection: Support workers and small enterprises to prevent unnecessary layoffs and safeguard livelihoods. 🟢 Continuity of essential services: Healthcare, food distribution and other critical public services should continue while ensuring necessary health safeguards. 🟢 Price monitoring: Prevent hoarding and excessive price rises in essential goods during emergencies. 🟢 Strengthen public health systems: Increase public health capacity, disease surveillance, healthcare infrastructure and emergency preparedness. 📍 Conclusion The COVID-19 crisis showed that social security is not merely a welfare measure but an essential instrument of resilience. India needs a comprehensive, universal and portable social protection architecture to protect lives and livelihoods during future health and economic shocks. #model_Answer 519·Aug 30

[media post] 671·Aug 29 🔆 India’s Foreign Policy towards Pakistan: A Shift in Approach 📍 Introduction 🟢 India’s policy towards Pakistan has historically combined strategic restraint, dialogue and diplomatic engagement, despite wars and cross-border terrorism. However, persistent terrorist attacks have increasingly pushed India towards a policy of zero tolerance for terrorism and calibrated deterrence. 📍 Recent Shift in India’s Approach 🟢 From Strategic Restraint to Deterrence: India has increasingly moved from limiting responses to adopting proportionate and calibrated military responses to cross-border terrorism, as witnessed after the Uri and Pulwama attacks. 🟢 Zero Tolerance towards Terrorism: Terrorism is increasingly treated as a core national-security issue, with India signalling that terrorist attacks will invite consequences rather than merely diplomatic protests. 🟢 Cross-Border Counter-Terror Operations: The 2016 surgical strikes and 2019 Balakot air strikes demonstrated India’s willingness to undertake operations beyond its traditional defensive posture. 🟢 International Diplomatic Mobilisation: India has actively sought to expose Pakistan-based terrorism before international forums and build wider support against terror financing and terrorist networks. 🟢 Economic and Diplomatic Pressure: Measures such as diplomatic downgrading and restrictions on economic engagement have supplemented India’s security response, signalling that terrorism can have consequences beyond the military domain. 🟢 Limited Engagement: India has increasingly favoured issue-based engagement rather than unconditional dialogue. Humanitarian concerns and people-to-people contacts may continue, while terrorism remains a central condition for broader normalisation. 📍 Why the Shift? 🟢 Repeated Terrorist Attacks: Persistent cross-border terrorism has reduced the political space for conventional dialogue. 🟢 Deterrence Requirement: India seeks to establish that terrorist attacks will carry credible costs, thereby strengthening deterrence. 🟢 Domestic Security: Protecting civilians, armed forces and territorial integrity remains the primary consideration. 📍 Challenges 🟢 Excessive escalation may create the risk of military confrontation between two nuclear-armed states. 🟢 Sustaining international support requires India to maintain credible evidence, diplomatic restraint and proportionality. 🟢 Complete disengagement can reduce opportunities for crisis management and communication. 📍 Way Forward 🟢 Follow a policy of “zero tolerance for terrorism, but open channels for de-escalation.” 🟢 Strengthen counter-terrorism cooperation and international diplomatic pressure against terrorist financing and safe havens. 🟢 Maintain military preparedness while ensuring strategic stability and escalation control. 🟢 Preserve humanitarian and people-to-people channels wherever feasible, separating them from security concerns. 📍 Conclusion 🟢 India’s approach has evolved from dialogue-led strategic restraint towards calibrated deterrence and zero tolerance for terrorism. The sustainable objective should be to combine credible security responses with diplomatic engagement, ensuring that deterrence prevents conflict rather than becoming a pathway to escalation. #model_Answer 624·Aug 29 [media post] 556·Aug 29

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