๐ป HOW TO DEBUG YOUR CODE ๐๐
1๏ธโฃ READ THE ERROR MESSAGE
Don't ignore the error.
An error message usually tells you:
๐ What went wrong
๐ Where it happened
๐ Sometimes why it happened
Example:
"NameError: name 'total' is not defined"
This tells you that Python cannot find a variable called "total".
2๏ธโฃ CHECK THE LINE NUMBER
Most programming errors tell you where the problem occurred.
Go directly to that line.
Then check:
โข Variable names
โข Syntax
โข Data types
โข Function calls
โข Missing brackets
โข Incorrect indentation
3๏ธโฃ UNDERSTAND THE ERROR TYPE
Common errors beginners encounter:
"SyntaxError" โ Code doesn't follow the language syntax.
"NameError" โ You used a name that hasn't been defined.
"TypeError" โ An operation was performed on an incompatible data type.
"IndexError" โ You tried to access an invalid index.
"KeyError" โ A dictionary key doesn't exist.
"ValueError" โ A value has the wrong format or isn't acceptable.
๐ Learn what common errors mean instead of simply searching for fixes.
4๏ธโฃ CHECK YOUR ASSUMPTIONS
Sometimes your code runs without an error but produces the wrong result.
Example:
"age = "25""
You might think "age" contains a number.
But it actually contains a string.
Always ask:
๐ What type is this variable?
๐ What value does it currently contain?
5๏ธโฃ PRINT INTERMEDIATE VALUES
When you're unsure what is happening, inspect your variables.
Example:
"print(total)"
"print(count)"
"print(average)"
This helps you understand how the values change while your program runs.
6๏ธโฃ BREAK THE PROBLEM INTO SMALL PARTS
Don't debug 200 lines of code at once.
Separate the problem.
Instead of asking:
โ "Why doesn't my program work?"
Ask:
โ
"Is my input correct?"
Then:
โ
"Is my calculation correct?"
Then:
โ
"Is my loop working?"
Then:
โ
"Is my output correct?"
Small questions are easier to solve.
7๏ธโฃ CHECK YOUR LOOP
Loops are a common source of bugs.
Check:
๐ Where does the loop start?
๐ When does it stop?
๐ Is the condition correct?
๐ Is the variable being updated?
๐ Could this become an infinite loop?
Example:
"while count < 10:"
" print(count)"
" count += 1"
If "count" never changes, the loop may never end.
8๏ธโฃ CHECK YOUR DATA TYPES
Many bugs happen because developers expect one type but receive another.
Example:
""10" + "20""
Result:
""1020""
But:
10 + 20
Result:
30
The values look similar, but their data types are different.
9๏ธโฃ TEST WITH SIMPLE INPUT
If your program fails with complicated data, simplify it.
Instead of:
[15, 82, 43, 91, 27, 64, 10]
Try:
[1, 2, 3]
Then:
[1]
Then:
[]
Simple inputs make problems easier to identify.
๐ TEST EDGE CASES
Always test unusual situations.
Examples:
โข Empty input
โข One element
โข Duplicate values
โข Negative numbers
โข Very large numbers
โข Missing values
โข Invalid input
A solution isn't truly reliable until you understand how it behaves in these situations.
1๏ธโฃ1๏ธโฃ USE A DEBUGGER
As your programs become larger, use debugging tools.
A debugger allows you to:
๐น Pause execution
๐น Inspect variables
๐น Execute code step by step
๐น Set breakpoints
๐น Find where the logic goes wrong
This is much more powerful than adding "print()" everywhere.
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August 23, 2026 281 1
