ARK Invest and Glassnode have jointly released a report on blockchain decentralization. The findings indicate that, regarding key control thresholds that impact block production, Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH) can achieve the critical threshold with just 3 entities, whereas Solana (SOL) requires 19 entities.
However, it's important to note that the structure of mining pools and staking delegation means this metric doesn't directly correlate to actual control.
In terms of infrastructure, Bitcoin boasts the most balanced geographical distribution of nodes, with approximately 63% of them operating through Tor. In contrast, Ethereum relies significantly on cloud providers, with around 20% of its nodes hosted on Amazon Web Services (AWS). Solana's infrastructure is mainly situated in data centers.
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