Reminder: the Crusades were a response to over 400 years of Islamic aggression against Christians and Europe.
632: Muhammad dies.
635: Muslims conquer the Christian city of Damascus.
636: Muslims conquer the Christian city of Antioch.
637: Muslims conquer the Holy Land.
639: Muslims conquer the first Christian country Armenia.
641: Muslims conquer the Coptic Christian country of Egypt.
650: Muslim armies reach southern Italy and Cyprus, taking thousands of captives as "slaves" and "concubines."
711: Muslims invade Spain, and by 715, they have overrun most of it.
717: Muslims besiege Constantinople but are repelled.
730: Muslims invade France, only to be stopped by Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours.
792: The ruler of Al-Andalus calls for the invasion of France, and Muslim armies are assembled to attack it again, but they are repelled.
827: Muslims invade Sicily and Italy, persecuting monks. Sicily remains under Islamic rule until 1092.
846: Muslims invade Rome and force the Pope to pay tribute.
848: A third invasion of France occurs, and they are repelled for the third time.
909: Muslims occupy Sardinia.
937: The Church of the Holy Sepulcher is burned down by Muslims, and more churches in Jerusalem are attacked.
1009: Destruction of the Church of the Resurrection in Jerusalem.
1012: Beginning of al-Hakim’s oppressive decrees against Christians.
1071: Muslim Turks attack the Byzantines and occupy much of Anatolia.
1094: Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos asks Western Christendom for help against Muslim Turkish invasions.
1095: Pope Urban II finally declared the First Crusade.
(source: Dr Maalouf)
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