✅ Answer: C) 52nd Amendment Act, 1985 ❤️
• The 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985 introduced the Anti-Defection Law in India.
• It added the Tenth Schedule to the Constitution.
• The law aims to prevent political defections motivated by office, power, or other benefits.
• Members can be disqualified if they voluntarily give up party membership or vote against the party whip without permission.
• The decision on disqualification is made by the Speaker or Chairman of the House.
📌 UPSC Fact: The 91st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003 further strengthened the Anti-Defection Law by restricting the size of the Council of Ministers and removing the provision that allowed protection for splits in political parties. ✅
1June 1, 2026 9.4K 1