🔥 Most repeated topic — don’t skip this! PATHOLOGY - INFLAMMATION & WOUND HEALING For NORCET 11 & RRB Nursing Superintendent INFLAMMATION • Definition: Body’s protective response to injury or infection • Types: Acute Inflammation and Chronic Inflammation • Acute: Short duration, rapid onset, neutrophils involved • Chronic: Long duration, lymphocytes and macrophages involved CARDINAL SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION (PRISH) • Pain (Dolor) • Redness (Rubor) • Immobility (Functio Laesa) • Swelling (Tumor) • Heat (Calor) CELLS INVOLVED • Neutrophils: First cells to arrive at injury site (First responders) • Macrophages: Clean up dead cells and debris • Lymphocytes: Involved in chronic inflammation • Mast Cells: Release histamine causing vasodilation WOUND HEALING • Primary Intention: Clean wound, edges approximated, minimal scarring • Secondary Intention: Wound left open, heals by granulation tissue • Tertiary Intention: Delayed primary closure PHASES OF WOUND HEALING • Hemostasis Phase: Clot formation (immediate) • Inflammatory Phase: 1-4 days • Proliferative Phase: 4-21 days, collagen formation • Remodeling Phase: 21 days to 2 years EXAM TIP Keloid is an abnormal scar that grows beyond wound boundaries. Proud flesh is another name for excessive granulation tissue. Vitamin C deficiency delays wound healing. These are frequently asked in NORCET and RRB exams.
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