Java Basics every beginner should learn to build a strong foundation:
1. Hello World & Setup
Install JDK and an IDE (like IntelliJ or Eclipse)
Write your first program: public class HelloWorld
2. Data Types & Variables
Primitive types: int, double, char, boolean
Non-primitive types: String, Arrays, Objects
Type casting (implicit & explicit)
3. Operators
Arithmetic: + - * / %
Comparison: == != > < >= <=
Logical: && || !
4. Control Flow
If, else if, else
Switch-case
Loops: for, while, do-while
break and continue
5. Functions (Methods)
Syntax: public static returnType methodName(params)
Method overloading
Return types & parameter passing
6. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Classes & Objects
this keyword
Constructors (default & parameterized)
7. OOP Concepts
Encapsulation (private variables + getters/setters)
Inheritance (extends keyword)
Polymorphism (method overriding)
Abstraction (abstract classes & interfaces)
8. Arrays & ArrayList
Declaring and iterating arrays
ArrayList methods: add, remove, get, size
Multidimensional arrays
9. Exception Handling
Try-catch-finally blocks
throw and throws
Custom exceptions
10. Basic Input/Output
Scanner class for user input
System.out.println() for output
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August 23, 2026 226 3
