Chronic meningitis
⚜️TB meningitis
Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
♦️Diagnosis of TB meningitis is made by analyzing CSF collected by lumbar puncture , and usually seen👇
➖High protein
➖ Low glucose
➖A raised number of WBC (lymphocytosis)
➖A spider-web clot👇
✨🔥في اكثر من ٣٠ بالمئه ليست علامه دائمه
▫️➢ Acid-fast bacilli are sometimes seen on a CSF smear, but more commonly, M. tuberculosis is grown in culture( approximately 4 weeks)
♦️TREATMENT:
Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs
• Isoniazid (INH), rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and streptomycin are the primary drugs used in the initial phase of treatment.
⚜️Cryptococcal meningitis
caused by Cryptococcus neoformans ( fungi ➡️ yeast )
♦️Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic (انتهازية تظهر لما يضعف الجسم )
♦️Cryptococcal meningitis occurs most commonly in immunocompromised patients, such as those with acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and transplant recipients taking immunosuppressive drugs.
HABITAT &TRANSMISSION
♦️C. neoformans normally live
widely in nature and is found in soil
containing bird (especially pigeon) droppings.
♦️Birds are not infected.
♦️No human-to-human transmission.
♦️Mode of infection by inhalation of spores and/or dried yeast cells.
DIAGNOSIS
♦️Appearance of CSF in Cryptococcal→Clear.
♦️WBCs in CSF →10-200 lymphocytes.
♦️The CSF usually has a slightly high protein level, low glucose, and a raised number of lymphocytes.
♦️Fungal stains (such as India ink )
أهم النقاط اللي ركز عليها الدكتور في هذا الموضوع
1⃣ المسبب لها Fungal →yeast.
2⃣ الوحيدة اللي معها capsule من ال yeast.
3⃣ انتهازية تظهر لما يضعف الجسم، تأتي عند مرضى ال HIV، تكون Gram +ve برغم انها فطريات وليست بكتيرياء.
4⃣ الوحيدة في ال CSF اللي تنصبغ بال india ink