MENTORA IAS™: post #12598 — TG.ME

𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗦𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺 (𝗧𝗣𝗦) Subject: Science - 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵: ISRO detailed the indigenous Thermal Protection System designed for the Gaganyaan crew module re-entry. - 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲: External sacrificial shielding layer designed for 𝗵𝘆𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 atmospheric re-entry protection. - 𝗠𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗺: Works via 𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 endothermic decomposition (pyrolysis) of the resin matrix. - 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿 & 𝗢𝘂𝘁𝗴𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴: Forms a porous 𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗯𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗼𝘂𝘀 char layer | vents hot gases to cushion convective heat. - 𝗧𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱𝘀: Withstands re-entry temperatures up to 𝟭,𝟴𝟬𝟬°𝗖 | keeps internal structure below 150°C. - 𝗦𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗹𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗸𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀: Compact heat shield measures 𝟯𝟬–𝟯𝟱 𝗺𝗺 thick. - 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗦𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗹𝗱: Built using high-density 𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗯𝗼𝗻 𝗽𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗰 tiles for peak heat flux. - 𝗔𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗼𝗱𝘆 𝗦𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗹𝗱: Uses medium-density 𝘀𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮 𝗽𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗰 tiles for secondary turbulent heating. - 𝗧𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆 𝗟𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗮𝗴𝗲: Flight-proven via Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (𝗦𝗥𝗘) + CARE mission (2014).