IV route: 100% bioavailability. Fastest systemic drug absorption: IV… — Future Nursing Officer 2.0 — TG.ME

IV route: 100% bioavailability. Fastest systemic drug absorption: IV route. IV infiltration: Leakage of non-vesicant IV fluid/drug into surrounding tissue. Extravasation: Leakage of a vesicant into surrounding tissue. Phlebitis: Inflammation of a vein. Blood transfusion reaction—first action: Stop the transfusion immediately. After stopping transfusion: Maintain IV access with appropriate normal saline using new tubing and notify the responsible clinician/blood bank per protocol. Compatible universal RBC donor: O negative (in emergencies when type-specific blood is unavailable, per protocol). Universal plasma donor: AB. Most important bedside identification before transfusion: Verify patient and blood product according to institutional protocol. NG tube placement confirmation: Radiographic confirmation is the gold standard for initial placement. Before feeding through NG tube: Confirm tube placement according to institutional protocol. Aspiration prevention: Elevate head of bed during enteral feeding. Urinary catheter insertion: Requires aseptic/sterile technique according to catheter type and procedure. Most common healthcare-associated infection: Urinary tract infection is a major/common HAI category. CAUTI prevention: Avoid unnecessary catheterization and remove catheter as soon as possible. Intake and output: Record all significant fluids taken in and eliminated. 1 mL urine: Approximately 1 g weight. Minimum expected adult urine output: About 0.5 mL/kg/hour. Oliguria: Commonly <400 mL/day in adults. Anuria: Commonly <100 mL/day. Polyuria: Excessive urine production, often >3 L/day in adults. Constipation: Infrequent/difficult passage of stool. Diarrhea: Frequent passage of loose/watery stools. Enema: Introduction of fluid into the rectum/colon. Bed bath: Used when a patient cannot safely bathe independently. Oral care for unconscious patient: Position laterally when possible to reduce aspiration risk. Oxygen is: A medication and should be administered as prescribed/according to protocol. Nasal cannula: Common low-flow oxygen-delivery device. Simple face mask: Usually requires at least about 5 L/min to reduce CO₂ rebreathing. Non-rebreather mask: Can deliver a high concentration of oxygen when properly fitted. Pulse oximeter: Measures peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂). Respiratory distress priority: Assess airway and breathing immediately. ABCs: Airway → Breathing → Circulation. Nursing process: Assessment → Diagnosis → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation (ADPIE). First step of nursing process: Assessment. Last step: Evaluation. Nursing diagnosis differs from medical diagnosis: It describes human responses to health conditions. Objective data: Observable/measurable data. Subjective data: Information reported by the patient. Incident report: Documents an unusual/unexpected event; it is not part of the patient’s medical record. Confidentiality: Patient information should only be shared with authorized persons for legitimate purposes. Informed consent: Patient receives adequate information and voluntarily agrees to the procedure. Nurse’s role in informed consent: Witnesses/signs according to policy and ensures the appropriate process—not usually the person providing the procedural explanation. Delegation: RN remains accountable for appropriate delegation and supervision. Documentation principle: “If it wasn't documented, it wasn't done” is a useful exam principle, though actual care may have occurred. Incident reporting: Never document in the patient chart that an incident report was completed.