Fundamentals of Nursing — NORCET One-Liners Normal adult pulse rate… — Future Nursing Officer 2.0 — TG.ME

Fundamentals of Nursing — NORCET One-Liners Normal adult pulse rate: 60–100 beats/min. Normal adult respiratory rate: 12–20 breaths/min. Normal adult BP: approximately 120/80 mmHg. Normal body temperature: ~37°C (98.6°F). Normal SpO₂: generally 95–100% in a healthy adult. Most accurate site for core body temperature: Pulmonary artery. Most common pulse site: Radial artery. Best site for checking central pulse in an unconscious adult: Carotid artery. 1st Korotkoff sound: Systolic BP. Disappearance of Korotkoff sounds (Phase V): Diastolic BP in adults. Normal capillary refill time: ≤2 seconds. Medical asepsis: Reduces the number and spread of microorganisms. Surgical asepsis: Eliminates all microorganisms, including spores, from an object/area. Most important method of infection prevention: Hand hygiene. Alcohol-based hand rub: Preferred when hands are not visibly soiled. Handwashing with soap and water: Required when hands are visibly dirty/soiled. Sterilization: Destruction/removal of all microorganisms, including bacterial spores. Autoclave principle: Moist heat under pressure. Common autoclave cycle: 121°C at 15 psi for 15–20 min (after reaching the required conditions). Dry heat sterilization: Hot-air oven. Boiling: Disinfection, not reliable sterilization. PPE: Personal Protective Equipment. Standard precautions: Applied to all patients, regardless of diagnosis. First step in putting on PPE: Usually gown, depending on the specific protocol. First item generally removed during PPE doffing: Gloves. Bed position for a patient in shock: Supine with legs elevated, if not contraindicated. Fowler’s position: Head of bed elevated about 45–60°. Semi-Fowler’s: About 30–45°. High-Fowler’s: About 60–90°. Lithotomy position: Commonly used for gynecological/perineal procedures. Trendelenburg position: Head lower than feet. Reverse Trendelenburg: Head higher than feet. Best position for an unconscious patient with vomiting risk: Lateral/recovery position. Best position for administering an enema: Left lateral (Sims’ position). Sims’ position: Left lateral, semi-prone. Pressure injury prevention: Regular repositioning + pressure redistribution + skin care + nutrition. Stage 1 pressure injury: Intact skin with non-blanchable erythema. Stage 2: Partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis. Stage 3: Full-thickness skin loss; adipose may be visible. Stage 4: Full-thickness skin/tissue loss with exposed or directly palpable deeper structures. Braden Scale: Assesses risk of pressure injury. Glasgow Coma Scale: Assesses level of consciousness. GCS components: Eye, Verbal, Motor. Maximum GCS score: 15. Minimum GCS score: 3. Pain is: Whatever the experiencing person says it is. Most reliable pain assessment: Patient’s self-report. Numeric pain scale: Commonly 0–10. Before giving medication: Follow the medication rights and verify patient/allergies. “Five rights” of medication: Right patient, drug, dose, route, time. Additional medication rights: Documentation, reason, response, education, and right to refuse may be included. IM injection angle: 90°. Subcutaneous injection angle: Usually 45° or 90°, depending on needle and tissue thickness. Intradermal injection angle: 5–15°. Common intradermal test: Mantoux/TB skin test. Insulin is commonly administered: Subcutaneously. Heparin is commonly administered: Subcutaneously. Never massage after: Insulin or heparin injection. Air-lock technique: Used with selected IM injections to prevent tracking of medication into subcutaneous tissue. Z-track technique: Helps prevent leakage of irritating IM medication into subcutaneous tissue. Most important nursing action before medication administration: Identify the correct patient. Enteral route: Through the gastrointestinal tract. Parenteral route: Administration outside the GI tract, usually by injection.