#Explanation9
ANSWER:
Squamous cell bladder cancer
EXPLANATION:
Schistosomiasis is a risk factor for Squamous cell bladder
cancer
SCHISTOSOMIASIS
Schistosomiasis, or bilharzia, is a parasitic flatworm infection.
The three main species of schistosome are S. mansoni, S.
japonicum and S. haematobium.
Schistosoma haematobium
These worms deposit egg clusters (pseudopapillomas) in the
bladder, causing inflammation. The calcification seen on x-ray
is actually calcification of the egg clusters, not the bladder
itself.
Depending on the site of these pseudopapillomas in the
bladder, they can cause an obstructive uropathy and kidney
damage.
This typically presents as a 'swimmer's itch' in patients who
have recently returned from Africa. Schistosoma
haematobium is a risk factor for squamous cell bladder cancer
Features
• frequency
• haematuria
• bladder calcification
Management
• single oral dose of praziquantel
Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum
These worms mature in the liver and then travel through the
portal system to inhabit the distal colon. Their presence in the
portal system can lead to progressive hepatomegaly and
splenomegaly due to portal vein congestion.
These species can also lead to complications of liver cirrhosis,
variceal disease and cor pulmonale.
Schistosoma intercalatum and Schistosoma mekongi
These are less prevalent than the other three forms, but are
both attributed to intestinal schistosomiasis.
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November 22, 2023 1.1K 1
